Na presente investigação, contrapondo o Sócrates de Platão com a figura de Sócrates que emerge a partir dos textos e da doxografia referente aos socráticos, apresento duas hipóteses sobre quem foi a mestra erótica de Sócrates. De um lado, a hipótese doxográfica geral dos socráticos que apontam Aspásia como sua mestra erótica, uma vez que Ésquines e Xenofonte, discípulos de Sócrates, bem como outros filósofos e doxógrafos posteriores à época clássica (Alciphron, Ateneu, Cícero, Filóstrato, Luciano, Máximo de Tiro, Plutarco, Sinésio, (...) Victorino), retratam Aspásia como a mestra de Sócrates nas artes eróticas. De outro lado, a inovação platônica que apresenta Diotima como a verdadeira guia erótica de Sócrates. Busco demonstrar a importância da sacerdotisa de Mantineia no Banquete, já que Diotima está associada diretamente a novidade platônica do éros filosófico. Na sequência, indico os possíveis motivos desse deslocamento (substituir Aspásia por Diotima como figura central do éros filosófico e guia erótica de Sócrates) realizado por Platão, com enfoque em como estes motivos vinculam-se a aspectos essenciais das novidades eróticas propostas por Platão. Por fim, questiono se esta estratégia platônica, que limita a sabedoria de Aspásia a só um dos assuntos pelos quais era conhecida (retórica), não seria mais uma das camuflagens que a filosofia fez com as heranças sofísticas, em especial, das feitiçarias retórico-eróticas aspasianas que influenciaram profundamente o socratismo. (shrink)

O VÍNCULO ENTRE A REVOLUÇÃO E O PODER CONSTITUINTE.

Equality policies in Spain have increasingly developed since the creation of the National Women’s Agency (1983). Over a ten‐year period Spain has achieved European standards in equality policies in terms of institutions, budget and legitimization. In a short time Spain moved from a dictatorship to European Union membership, which has brought about enormous changes regarding women’s roles and rights. Other relevant changes concern the political organization of the state: the 1978 Constitution sets a model of regional administrative autonomy, neither centralized (...) nor federal, in which each region has developed gender institutions. Gender‐equality policies constituted the framework for the development of gay and lesbian policies. Both gender equality and gay and lesbian policies have evolved differently at the national and regional levels, with a trend of inclusiveness, more creative policies and institutions at the regional and local levels. In the meantime, the national debate has concentrated on same‐sex marriage, while sexuality is not a topic within gender equality policies. This paper argues that the progressive inclusiveness of lesbians within the equality agenda and the new intersectional perspectives, alongside gay marriage shows an evolution of Spanish citizenship models, largely influenced by the European Union context. (shrink)

With respect to human color categories, Steels & Belpaeme's (S&B's) simulations over-emphasize the possible influence of language. In humans, color processing is the result of a long evolutionary process in which categories developed without language. Common principles of color processing lead to similar color categories, but interindividual variation in color categories exists. Even color-deficiencies, causing large differences in color categories, remain inconspicuous in everyday life, thereby contradicting the hypothesis that language could play a role in color category formation.

Argumentation mining aims to automatically detect, classify and structure argumentation in text. Therefore, argumentation mining is an important part of a complete argumentation analyisis, i.e. understanding the content of serial arguments, their linguistic structure, the relationship between the preceding and following arguments, recognizing the underlying conceptual beliefs, and understanding within the comprehensive coherence of the specific topic. We present different methods to aid argumentation mining, starting with plain argumentation detection and moving forward to a more structural analysis of the detected (...) argumentation. Different state-of-the-art techniques on machine learning and context free grammars are applied to solve the challenges of argumentation mining. We also highlight fundamental questions found during our research and analyse different issues for future research on argumentation mining. (shrink)

Este artigo é um mapeamento inicial dos impactos do fotojornalismo do grupo que ficou conhecido como "O Clube do Bang Bang", na África do Sul, no período de transição entre o final da política de apartheid e as primeiras eleições democráticas no país, em 1994. Qual o papel assumido pelo registro fotográfico, com o senso de realidade que impõe àquilo que apresenta, na construção da memória política sul-africana? Palavras-chave: África do Sul, apartheid, fotojornalismo, memória.

Volume 24, Issue 5, August 2019, Page 563-569.

According to a common view, conscious thoughts necessarily involve quasi-perceptual experiences, or mental images. This is alleged to be the case not only when one entertains conscious thoughts about perceptible things, but also when one thinks about more abstract things. In the case of conscious abstract propositional thoughts, the idea is that they occur in inner speech, which is taken to involve imagery (typically auditory) of words in a natural language. I argue that unsymbolized thinking and total aphantasia cast doubt (...) on this common view. Unsymbolized thinking is the experience of thoughts that does not involve imagery. Total aphantasia is the inability to produce mental images of all sensory modalities. I consider and reject the objection that these individuals are mistaken either because their thoughts do involve images, or because those thoughts are not conscious. Thus, unsymbolized thinking and aphantasia provide evidence that conscious thoughts can occur without imagery. (shrink)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder treated with bone marrow transplantation or enzyme replacement therapy with laronidase, a high-cost orphan drug. Laronidase was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency in 2003 and by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency in 2005. Many Brazilian MPS I patients have been receiving laronidase despite the absence of a governmental policy regulating access to the drug. Epidemiological and treatment data concerning MPS I (...) are scarce. This study aims to present a demographic profile of Brazilian patients with MPS I, describe the routes of access to laronidase in Brazil, and discuss associated ethical issues relating to public funding of orphan drugs. (shrink)

Arthur C. Danto did not live to witness the proliferation of AI in artistic creation. However, his philosophy of art offers key ideas about art that can provide an interesting perspective on artwork generated by artificial intelligence (AI). In this article, I analyze how his ideas about contemporary art, intention, interpretation, and authorship could be applied to the ongoing debate about AI and artistic creation. At the same time, it is also interesting to consider whether the incorporation of AI into (...) artistic creation marks a new chapter in the narrative, which seems to have reached its end, or if it represents a significant rupture with past artistic traditions. (shrink)

BackgroundThis pilot study aims to test the usability of the iACTwithPain platform, an online ACT-based intervention for people with chronic pain, to obtain information on which intervention and usability aspects need improvement and on expected retention rates.MethodsSeventy-three Portuguese women with chronic pain were invited to complete the first three sessions of the iACTwithPain intervention assess their quality, usefulness and the platform’s usability. Twenty-one accepted the invitation. Additionally, eight healthcare professionals working with chronic medical conditions assessed the platform and the intervention (...) from a practitioner’s point of view.ResultsThis study presented a considerable attrition rate (71.43%) among chronic pain participants, with six completers. There were no significant differences in demographic or clinical variables between dropouts and completers except for completed education (participants who dropped out presented less education than completers). Reasons for dropout were related to difficult personal events occurring during the time of the intervention, lack of time, or having forgotten. There seemed to be an overall satisfaction with both the intervention, its contents and form of presentation of information, and the platform, concerning its design, appearance, and usability. Real image videos were preferred over animations or audio by chronic pain participants. Healthcare professionals emphasized the appealing and dynamic aspects of the animation format.ConclusionThis study informs the ongoing improvement of the iACTwithPain platform and provides valuable information on aspects researchers should consider while developing online psychological interventions for chronic pain. Further implications are discussed. (shrink)

Aphantasia is a condition that is often characterized as the impaired ability to create voluntary mental images. Aphantasia is assumed to selectively affect voluntary imagery mainly because even though aphantasics report being unable to visualize something at will, many report having visual dreams. We argue that this common characterization of aphantasia is incorrect. Studies on aphantasia are often not clear about whether they are assessing voluntary or involuntary imagery, but some studies show that several forms of involuntary imagery are also (...) affected in aphantasia (including imagery in dreams). We also raise problems for two attempts to show that involuntary images are preserved in aphantasia. In addition, we report the results of a study about afterimages in aphantasia, which suggest that these tend to be less intense in aphantasics than in controls. Involuntary imagery is often treated as a unitary kind that is either present or absent in aphantasia. We suggest that this approach is mistaken and that we should look at different types of involuntary imagery case by case. Doing so reveals no evidence of preserved involuntary imagery in aphantasia. We suggest that a broader characterization of aphantasia, as a deficit in forming mental imagery, whether voluntary or not, is more appropriate. Characterizing aphantasia as a volitional deficit is likely to lead researchers to give incorrect explanations for aphantasia, and to look for the wrong mechanisms underlying it. (shrink)

RESUMENEl estudio se centra en la filosofía práctica cartesiana: la dimensión técnica y la moral. Una parte de su filosofía muchas veces poco estudiada. A lo largo del Discurso del Método, Descartes parece dialogar con Michel de Montaigne para superar su posición escéptica. Lo consigue desde el punto de vista teórico, pero no en relación a la acción moral. En ese ámbito, Descartes lejos de alejarse de las posiciones montañistas, las reproduce. Las reglas de la moral provisional ya están en (...) Montaigne y, como él, Descartes se tiene que conformar con lo probable en la acción moral.PALABRAS CLAVEDESCARTES, MONTAIGNE, ÁMBITO TEÓRICO, ÁMBITO PRÁCTICOABSTRACT This study is about Descartes’ philosophy: both its technical dimension and morality. Little attention has been paid to this part of his philosophy. Along the Discourse on Method, Descartes seems to speak with Michel de Montaigne with a view to overcome his sceptical position. He reaches this goal from the theoretical point of view, but not in the practical realm. In this area Descartes, far from moving away from Montaigne’s position, reproduces it. The rules of provisional morality are already in Montaigne and, like him, Descartes has to conform to a probabilistic approach in the moral action.KEY WORDSDESCARTES, MONTAIGNE, THEORETICAL REALM, PRACTICAL REALM. (shrink)

Raquel Cascales and Luis Echarte focus on the development of practical wisdom and what they call ‘seeing with the heart’ for science students by means of reading science fiction literature. They argue that literature can bring the student into contact with the reality of moral life as moral dilemmas are made concrete by the characters and circumstances in a novel. They provide an analysis of how Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World can be read in the classroom and show how (...) the novel invites students to think about the role of science in society, the evolutionary paradigm, advances in genetic and psychological manipulation, as well as questions concerning human emotions,suffering, and friendship. (shrink)

I address the question of whether differences in color terminology cause differences in color experience in speakers of different languages. If linguistic representations directly affect color experience, then this is a case of what I call the linguistic penetrability of perception, which is a particular case of cognitive penetrability. I start with some general considerations about cognitive penetration and its alleged occurrence in the memory color effect. I then apply similar considerations to the interpretation of empirical studies of color perception (...) in speakers of different languages. I argue that findings such as differences in categorical perception in speakers of different languages do not show that language affects color experience. They therefore do not support the claim that color experience is linguistically penetrable. But even if we grant that color experience is different in speakers of different languages, I argue that this might still not be a case of linguistic penetration. Finally, I consider some epistemological consequences of the assumption that speakers of different languages have different color experiences. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende desenvolver uma análise sobre o que é pensar, o que é o pensamento e porque é que é tão importante sabermos pensar, aprendermos a pensar. Neste sentido, analisaremos a perspetiva de Dewey e de Lipman. Esta investigação sustenta a tese de que o pensar é uma questão central na filosofia e de que urge implementar estirpes filosóficas na nossa sociedade. É essencial fomentar o pensar, aprendermos a pensar, a pensar bem, desde a mais tenra idade. Tal pode (...) ser possível através da Filosofia para Crianças, que tem por base ajudar as crianças e os jovens a pensar. Por conseguinte, iremos aprofundar a perspetiva de Matthew Lipman, mentor do programa de Filosofia para Crianças.: This article intends develop an analysis of what it is to think, what is thinking and why it is so important to know how to think, learn to think. In this sense, we analyze the perspective of Dewey and Lipman. This research supports the thesis that thinking is a central issue in philosophy and the urgent need to implement philosophical strains in our society. It is essential to foster the think, learn to think, to think about it, from an early age. This can be possible through the Philosophy for Children, which is based on helping children and young people how to think. Therefore, we will deepen the perspective of Matthew Lipman, mentor of the Philosophy for Children program. Keywords: Thinking, philosophy, children, dialogue, research community. (shrink)

El clásico tratamiento de las mujeres como minoría desde la sociología se halla contemporáneamente interrelacionado con las políticas de igualdad tejidas en torno a las mujeres. Pasado y presente, teoría y práctica se unen para mostrar que las teorías no son accidentales ni fortuitas sino que acarrean importantes consecuencias en la acción, pudiendo dar lugar a intervenciones en la vida pública, que es lo que, a mi entender, confiere su sentido a la. sociología y, en particular, a la sociología del (...) género. El título alude a la existencia de un importante desarrollo en sociología de la temática de las minorías, que traemos a colación por cuanto desde muy temprano dicha ciencia refirió este tema a las mujeres, desarrollo que seguiremos en este artículo. La conceptualización de las mujeres como minoría se traducirá, en términos de políticas públicas, en lo que se conoce como medidas de acción o discriminación positiva impulsadas, en lo que a las mujeres atañe, por el movimiento feminista. (shrink)

Pierre Bourdieu, inspirado pelos estudos de Panofsky, delineou o conceito de habitus para tratar da relação entre indivíduo e sociedade. Para ele, habitus tem um papel mediador: é criado a partir da internalização das estruturas sociais em que um sujeito se encontra e prepara a ação futura desse indivíduo na sociedade. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar habitus como um signo, sob a ótica da filosofia de Charles Sanders Peirce, e a relação entre indivíduo e sociedade como um processo semiótico (...) e pragmático de fixação de crenças. Para isso, será apresentada a base escolástica comum aos conceitos de habitus em Bourdieu e de hábito em Peirce, para então serem apresentados os conceitos peircianos. Assim, se tornará mais evidente como o habitus participa de um processo de evolução contínuo que pode manter os modelos de uma sociedade ou transformá-los por meio das ações inventivas dos agentes. (shrink)

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has quickly swept the globe leaving a devastating trail of lost human lives and leading to a public health and economic crisis. With this in mind, prosociality has been heralded as a potential important factor to overcome the negative effects of the pandemic. As such, in this study, we examined the effectiveness of a brief reflexive writing exercise about recent experiences of gratitude on individuals’ intentions to engage in prosocial behaviors using a sample (...) of 253 participants living in Portugal and 280 participants living in Brazil. Participants were randomly assigned to either a condition in which they were asked to write about recent experiences of gratitude or a control group in which they were asked to write about daily tasks. We predicted that the gratitude intervention would increase state gratitude and, consequently, increase positive affect and empathic concern, and decrease negative affect, leading to increased intentions to engage in prosocial behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A moderated serial–parallel mediation analysis, in which we controlled for gender, age, and level of religiosity, indicated that our manipulation led to increases in state gratitude, which in turn increased positive emotions and empathic concern, leading to increased prosocial intentions in both countries. A content analysis of participants’ responses in the gratitude group revealed that relationships with others and health and well-being were the central themes of their gratitude experiences during the COVID-19 global pandemic. (shrink)

All large-scale telescope facilities are constructed within a geographical, social, historical, and political context that includes nested layers at the global, national, and local levels. However, discussions about the geographic siting of astronomy facilities, for example, the communities in which they are embedded or the interactions between the facility and its locale, are uncommon in social science studies of astronomy, and no extant review focused on this gap in the literature. In this literature review and discourse analysis, we explore the (...) ways in which research about astronomy facilities and their local communities has emerged, and the extent to which it focuses on the Global South. We find that literature addressing the social and policy aspects of astronomy facilities has an emphasis on the Global North. However, literature addressing host communities has an emphasis on the Global South. Broadly, the discourses related to host communities in the Global South have emerged from reflections on the controversies related to large-scale telescopes in Hawai’i, Chile, and South Africa. One common theme linking these discourses is that a focus on benefits at the national and international levels obscures a range of problematic power dynamics and outcomes at the local level. The notion of the Global South as an ‘empty space’ in which astronomical observation does not constitute impactful action amongst local communities, is challenged by discourses that centre local contexts, and challenged by discourses that employ conceptual frameworks with a focus on revealing power dynamics. (shrink)

Resumo Este artigo analisa parte do discurso que a Igreja Católica teceu sobre as mulheres, enfatizando o tema da maternidade durante o século XIX. O enfoque parte da Bulla Sylabus (1864), expedida no pontificado de Pio IX, e da encíclica Rerum Novarum (1891), do Papa Leão XIII. Entre a segunda metade do século XIX e a Primeira Guerra Mundial, a Igreja passou pelo processo conhecido como "romanização", caracterizado pela preocupação moral e disciplinar do clero diante de críticas do laicado, além (...) da promoção de ordens e congregações religiosas. O objetivo deste artigo é, portanto, discutir como aquela instituição definiu um papel social feminino vinculado à ideia do amor materno, divulgado como natural e incondicional. A partir da contribuição dos estudos de gênero, aborda a atribuição de características masculinas e femininas para a distinção não apenas biológica entre homens e mulheres. Concluiu-se que, na longa duração, o discurso católico passou de uma postura misógina - de recusa do sexo feminino - à incorporação das mulheres como público essencial para a sustentação do catolicismo diante das propostas de laicização da sociedade ocidental contemporânea. Palavras-chave: Mulheres; Discurso católico; Maternidade; Gênero.This paper discusses part of the discourse that the Catholic Church built in order to define woman's role in the 19th century, emphasizing representations of motherhood. The focus starts with Pius IX's Bulla Sylabus (1864) and Pope Lion XIII's Rerum Novarum (1891). Between the second half of the 19th century and World War I, the Catholic Church underwent a process known as "Romanization", characterized by the clergy's moral and disciplinary concern in face of the laity's criticism, and by the promotion of new religious orders and congregations. The paper considers, therefore, how the Catholic Church defined a social female role linked to the idea of maternal love, diffused as natural and unconditional. With basis on the contribution of cultural history and gender studies, it demonstrates how that Church attributed male and female characteristics to the distinction not merely biological between men and women, associating the latter with the idea of motherhood and natural love for their children. It concludes that, through time, the Church has changed its misogyny discourse - refusing the female sex - into one that incorporates women as essential to support Catholicism in facing the laicization of contemporary western society. Key words: Women; Catholic discourse; Motherhood; Gender. (shrink)

Hablar de Literatura, pero también de Filosofía, es hablar de la necesidad del hombre para aprehender un lenguaje que escapa a los métodos ordinarios de la comprensión; es su agónica urgencia por comprender el mundo que le rodea. La significación de Jorge Luis Borges desborda una retórica estrictamente concebida en el panorama literario para enquiciarse en las fascinaciones intelectuales de la mitología, la teología o la filosofía, entre otras. La polifacética labor del poeta le sitúa en un lugar privilegiado de (...) la cultura latinoamericana, allá donde los procesos de producción y de recepción del discurso poético advienen terminantes en la modulación de una visión particular de la realidad. Dicho lo cual, esta contribución aborda el estudio de la composición «Los espejos» desde la perspectiva existencialista de Schopenhauer. El mundo como voluntad y representación permite precisar las claves de acceso a la descodificación de la construcción metafórica del espejo en la poética borgiana a través de los conceptos de fantasía y realidad así como de la expresión serena de infinitud y eternidad. Con la representación y la volutas schopenhauerianas como telón de fondo, el estudio de «Los espejos» borgianos comporta una reconsideración de las relaciones entre Literatura y Filosofía, cuyos empréstitos ontológicos y lenguajes quedan sublimados bajo una cobertura teatral de la realidad y del individuo en la escena. (shrink)

Brazil has one of the highest levels of economic disparity in the world. The educational system plays a large role in this reality, acting as a mechanism of social exclusion. Neoliberalism has resulted in the commodification of education, empowering private schools while undermining the public system. This has created a vicious cycle, whereby educational inequality reflects and reinforces social inequality. Such a system violates the rights of children not lucky enough to be born into wealth – the right to equal (...) education; to equal opportunity; and equal treatment. From within this context, we propose a model, dubbed The Eagle’s Flight, for psychological intervention in public schools. This will form an extension of our research group’s Psychosocial Assessment and Intervention – Prevention, Community and Liberation, which has been an on-going project for the past fourteen years. The intervention model advocates monitoring child development from a critical, social and historical perspective, focusing on how school and community affect everyday life. The analysis will be carried out via the daily immersion of psychologists in the public school setting, who pay attention to key aspects which include various expressions of violence, financial difficulties related to unemployment, informal employment or drug dealing, poor access to health services, and the developmental impact of factors such as poverty. Based on Paulo Freire's Emancipatory Education Proposal and Ignacio Martín-Baró’s Liberation Psychology, intervention in school and community must be an interdisciplinary procedure, employing professionals from a range of disciplines involved in the study of child development. The various subjects’ perspectives seek to provide support for everyday problems and solutions, whilst breaking down the hegemonic model of psychological practice that considers the child and family as responsible for their problems. A concrete example of this critical psychosocial intervention model is presented. (shrink)

La pandemia producida por el COVID-19 llevó a las instituciones educativas a suspender todo tipo de actividad presencial. La educación superior pasó a desarrollarse en contextos digitales, lo que supuso un rediseño en cuanto a los recursos, instrumentos, modos, estrategias de actuación y medidas a implementar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En este estudio se analiza, desde una mirada cualitativa, las visiones del estudiantado sobre la docencia universitaria en contextos de pandemia. Los resultados evidencian la perspectiva diferencial del alumnado,-entusiasta, crítica, (...) condescendiente y nostálgica- sobre la educacion superior, en atención a su experiencia universitaria, vivida en contextos de profunda excepcionalidad. (shrink)

I have chosen this essay for this paper because it is an excellent research on ethical and cultural roots of democracy from the study of John Dewey’s thought, American philosopher and educator who developed his theory about participative democracy considering the consequences of the 1929 crash. The twenties and thirties of the XXth century are so much like this early XXIst century, that their democratic will can afford us to identify the conditions to exit from of the current crisis of (...) representation. (shrink)

Este trabajo se centra en la crítica que Martín Diego Farrell, un ilustre filósofo del derecho argentino, dirige al utilitarismo y a su argumento fundamental, la restricción de la libertad en aras de una mayor utilidad. Es una crítica al utilitarismo sobre la que considero que es necesario reflexionar, pues constituye el punto de partida del abandono del utilitarismo por parte de muchos pensadores liberales actuales. Y es también, en mi opinión, el inicio de un peligroso camino hacia un relativismo (...) extremo. He escogido a Martín Diego Farrell como paradigma para plantear algunos problemas actuales de los liberalismos. La autora considera que la filosofía de éste filósofo y jurista argentino es un síntoma claro de la evolución que se produjo dentro del liberalismo, sobre todo desde principios del siglo XX, hacia dos caminos diferenciados, e incluso opuestos, que será necesario subrayar y esclarecer. Desde este análisis podremos comprobar que, cuando hablamos de ciertos neoliberalismos, estamos hablando en realidad de teorías que dejan a un lado las auténticas raíces del liberalismo. (shrink)

Mediante un análisis del último libro publicado por Victoria Camps, El Gobierno de las emociones , Premio Nacional de Ensayo 2012, se pretende resaltar, siguiendo su argumentación, la importancia de la motivación para el comportamiento moral. La motivación hace uso de razones instrumentales para potenciar emociones adecuadas y llegar así a la formación del carácter moral, a la autoestima moral. De este modo, se concluye que los sentimientos son educables, pero tenemos que buscar el clima propicio para ello y esto (...) forma parte de la tarea de la ética. (shrink)

Para ofrecer una ruta de lectura del pensamiento feminista-deleuziano, se pone a discusión el concepto cartografía propuesto por Braidotti, respecto a la recepción y reelaboración de la inmanencia radical, y la diferencia sexual en la filosofía actual. Se propone un símil de dicha recepción en la teoría y estudios del arte, particularmente en México. A través de Metamorfosis. Hacia una teoría materialista del devenir y los conceptos clave como devenir-mujer y devenir-insecto, se entabla una relación con los feminismos visuales situados (...) en el sur global. El diálogo entre ambas recepciones, la filosófica y la artística, implica un acercamiento a la problematización y comprensión del conflicto capital-vida, además de las aportaciones posibles de la producción feminista, hace patente cómo se continúa en la teoría feminista actual una línea materialista, con profundas raíces clásicas, de una ontología del cuerpo. Palabras clave: inmanencia radical, devenir animal, metamorfosis, diferencia sexual. (shrink)

Both the itihāsa-s of the Mahābhārata and the Platonic philosophical ‘epode’ are often used to persuade in conditions where emotion threatens to incapacitate the person for argumentative discourse. Narrative reason has its own conditions of success and failure, opening up a discursive arena in which all kinds of utterances are welcome. Emphasizing the psychagogic function of the ‘once-upon-a-time’ reason, it is worth asking who the real protagonist of the story is and whether the story has a duty or a dharma (...) of its own to fulfill. Dharma and all the dilemmas it brings along with it constitute one of the fundamental problems that make up the whole Mahābhārata. In this essay I wonder about the dharma of the Mahābhārata itself—a literary work which gives itself the name ‘triumph’ (jaya)—and the cultural mission it fulfills in the lives of those who hear it, read it, study it, and share it with others. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo resulta de pesquisa que mapeou programas e atores privados que incidiam em redes públicas de educação dos 26 estados e Distrito Federal entre 2005 e 2018. Além do mapeamento, a pesquisa analisa programas educacionais operados por atores privados em cada uma das três dimensões da política - oferta educativa, currículo e gestão - conforme ADRIÃO (2018). Neste trabalho, analisa-se o Programa Acelera Brasil, criado pelo Instituto Ayrton Senna e selecionado por sua capilaridade, institucionalidade e longevidade na dimensão (...) da privatização do currículo no estado de Goiás. Consideramos as características do programa nas escolas estaduais e as implicações para o Direito Humano à Educação (DHE), com base em Tomasevski (2004). O artigo deriva de estudos bibliográficos e documentais. Os resultados identificam consequências negativas para o DHE, dentre as quais: falta de transparência acerca do Programa e seus resultados, dificultando o Controle Social, segregação dos alunos participantes do Acelera em salas separadas das turmas regulares e a ausência de monitoramento dos alunos egressos do Programa ou a não divulgação de seus resultados, desrespeitando as características fundamentais do DHE, quais sejam disponibilidade, acessibilidade, adaptabilidade e aceitabilidade. Palavras-chave: Privatização; Currículo; Programa Acelera Brasil; Direito Humano The “Acelera Brasil” Program in the state of Goiás: implications for the Human Right Education (HRE) Abstract: This article is the results of research that mapped programs and private actors that focused on public education networks in the 26 states and the Federal District between2005 and 2018. In addition to mapping, the research analyzes educational programs operated by private actors in the period, in each of the three dimensions of the policy - educational offer, curriculum and management - according to ADRIÃO (2018). In this work, we analyze the “Acelera Brasil” Program, created by the Ayrton Senna Institute and selected for its capillarity, institutionality and longevity in the dimension of privatization of the curriculum in the state of Goiás. We consider the characteristics of the program in state schools and the implications for the Human Right to Education (HRE), based on Tomasevski (2004). The article derives from bibliographic and documentary studies. The results identify negative consequences for the HRE, among which: lack of transparency about the Program and its results, hindering Social Control, segregation of students participating in “Acelera” in separate rooms from regular classes and the absence of monitoring of students who graduated from the Program or the non-disclosure of its results, disregarding the fundamental characteristics of HRE, wich are availability, accessibility, adaptaptability and acceptability. Key-words: Privatization; Curriculum; Acelera Brasil Program; Human Right El Programa “Acelera Brasil” en el estado de Goiás: implicaciones para el Derecho Humano a la Educación (DHE) Resumen: Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación que mapeó programas y actores privados que se enfocaron en redes de educación pública en los 26 estados y el Distrito Federal entre 2005 y 2018. Además del mapeo, la investigación analiza programas educativos operados por actores privados en el período, en cada una de las tres dimensiones de la política - oferta educativa, currículo y gestión - según ADRIÃO (2018). En este trabajo, analizamos el Programa “Acelera Brasil”, creado por el Instituto Ayrton Senna y seleccionado por su capilaridad, institucionalidad y longevidad en la dimensión de privatización del currículo en el estado de Goiás. Consideramos las características del programa en las escuelas públicas y las implicaciones para el Derecho Humano a la Educación (DHE), con base en Tomasevski (2004). El artículo deriva de estudios bibliográficos y documentales. Los resultados identifican consecuencias negativas para la DHE, entre las cuales: la falta de transparencia sobre el Programa y sus resultados, dificultando el Control Social, la segregación de los estudiantes participantes de “Acelera” en salones separados de las clases regulares y la ausencia de seguimiento de los estudiantes egresados ​​de el Programa o la no divulgación de sus resultados, lesionando las características fundamentales lo DHE, que son la disponibilidad, accesibilidad, adaptaptabilidad y la aceptabilidad Palabras clave: Privatización; Plan de estudios; Programa Acelera Brasil; Derecho Humano Data de registro: 31/05/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)